Abstract
Olive belong to the order of Ligustrals, the Oleaceae family, and two sub species, Oleaster (wild olive tree) and Sativa (olive).Commercial olive belong to species Olea Europes. One of about 20 species of Olea. found in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the World. Only Olea Europaea produces edible fruit.
Varieties found in Pakistan are: Souri, Mordiolo, Rozzo-O-Frantoea, Morinello, Ascolano, Mission, Savillano, Namzanillo, Barouni, Syrian, Shimbalu, Cakir, Aysalik, Ammir, Erkenee, Memeli, Ammel, Manje, Walait and Dunda. Most varieties are self-sterile. Olive slow growing, over green, plant is sub-tropical. It can not stand extremes of sold or heat, but it found in temperate-hot climate and Mediterranean countries. Tree produces fruit after 6-10 years, It is grown at an elevation of 2,000 to 3,000 feet.
Tree life span is 50 years. In arid and coastal area it becomes an alternative bearing. The variety manzanilla large fruit with low growth habit variety. Mission have small fruit but high oil content with varieties Forestiera Neo-Mexicana are dwarf variety. Pakistan uses wild Olive (Olea cuspidata) as seedling and is grown 25-30 feet apart with inter feet. Some times it attain height of 40-60 feet. About 0.80 to 1.20 meter is an ideal height of the tree. The plant used as wind break and afforestation. In Pakistan it is grown in Kashmir, Fortsandeman, Peshwar, Swat, Rawalpindi, (Saran, Gari, chattar) Kheri, Murat (Cambellpur, Sekasar (Sargodha) and Rakh Ghonda (Jhelum district).
It is also grown in Syria, Greece, Egypt, Namabia, Ethopia. Olive grown in Algeria, Angola, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Afghanistan, china, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanonh, Turkey, Albania, France, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Spain, Yugoslavia and Australia. It also found in Asia, Europe and North Africa.
Normally 70-150 trees/hectare are grown. Olives can be presented in many styles like, whole, pitted, stuffed, halved, quartered slices, chopped or minced, live paste and olive salad.
Intoduction
Olive belongs to the order of Ligustris, the Olacae family, and two subspecies, Oleaster (wild olive tree) and Sativa (olive). Commercial live belong to species Olea Europea. One of about 20 species of Olea is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the World. Only Olea Suropaea 1. produces edible fruit.
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Cultural Practice of Olive Growing and Its Future.
More research papers: see Farzana Panhwar.
Last update: 04 October 2022
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