[Sitemap] [Contact] [Imprint] Deutsche Version Search site 

Kategorie

Published: 07.07.2011

Proton Transfer in Membrane Protein Fully Elucidated



Extremely rapid water: RUB scientists decipher a protein-bound water chain.

Researchers from the RUB-Department of Biophysics of Prof. Dr. Klaus Gerwert have succeeded in providing evidence that a protein is capable of creating a water molecule chain for a few milliseconds for the directed proton transfer. The combination of vibrational spectroscopy and biomolecular simulations enabled the elucidation of the proton pump mechanism of a cell-membrane protein in atomic detail. The researchers demonstrated that protein-bound water molecules play a decisive role in the function. Their results were selected for the Early Edition of PNAS [see below].


Protein-bound water is decisive

Specific proteins can transport protons from one side (uptake side) of the cell membrane to the other side (release side). This is a central process in biological energy conversion. In past editions of Nature and Angewandte Chemie the researchers from the Department of Biophysics had already published their observations that in the ground state the protein-bound water molecules at the release side are optimally arranged for the release of protons. "As with dominos, the protein initiates movement of the protons which finally leads to their release", explains Prof. Gerwert. Just how the protein re-attains its initial state in order to start another pumping cycle remained to be clarified. New protons must be acquired at the uptake side of the protein to substitute the released protons.

Proton transport

Three internal water molecules (red-white) in the protein transport a proton from top to bottom.

[Credit: RUB]

The researchers in Bochum discovered that a chain of only three water molecules is formed for just a few thousandths of a second to transfer the protons into the interior of the protein.


Water molecules lead the way

The protein kills two birds with one stone. The water molecules are disordered during the release phase, which prevents the protons from being transported in the false direction. Only during the uptake phase, they are correctly aligned and can conduct protons. These results are the solution to the riddle as to why proton transfer only functions in one direction at the uptake side and why the protein is capable of effective and directional pumping. "This paper, together with the two preceding publications, now constitutes a trilogy which supplies a full explanation for the proton pumping cycle at an atomic level", summarizes Prof. Gerwert.


Experimental physics and theoretical chemistry combined

The researchers combined experimental physics with theoretical chemistry to be able to observe the processes with a high spatial and temporal resolution at a nano-level. Steffen Wolf simulated the structural changes within the protein using biomolecular computer simulations (molecular dynamics simulations). Erik Freier subsequently verified the effects experimentally using a special kind of vibrational spectroscopy developed by Prof. Gerwert (time-resolved step-scan FTIR spectroscopy). "This interdisciplinary interplay, which showed that the individual components of the protein are as precisely synchronized as the gears of a machine, was the key to success", says Prof. Gerwert.


As in water, so in the protein

The protein arranges the three water molecules so skillfully that they transport the protons using the physico-chemical Grotthuss mechanism. In the 1950s, the Nobel Prize winner Manfred Eigen elucidated this mechanism to explain extremely rapid, non-directional proton transport in water. Surprisingly enough, the publications of the RUB researchers now reveal that amino acids coupled with protein-bound water molecules can give this extremely rapid transportation a direction of movement. Prof. Gerwert's team was thus able to augment Manfred Eigen's results and apply them to protein research.


Effective conversion of light energy into chemical energy

The group of research scientists in Bochum primarily works with the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin, which is used by certain bacteria to carry out an archaic form of photosynthesis. Bacteriorhodopsin creates a proton concentration gradient by transporting protons from the interior to the exterior of a cell. Other proteins use this gradient to produce ATP, the universal cellular fuel. It is important that the proton transport has a specific direction and that spontaneous backflow of protons is prevented to ensure that light energy can be effectively used.





Notes:



 
Further Information and Source:
-
Open Access Article:
Erik Freier, Steffen Wolf and Klaus Gerwert:
Proton transfer via a transient linear water-molecule chain in a membrane protein.
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences; published online before print June 27, 2011
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1104735108
URL: direct link
-
Dr. Steffen Wolf, Erik Freier, Dr. Meike Potschies, Prof. Dr. Eckhard Hofmann, Prof. Dr. Klaus Gerwert:
Directional Proton Transfer in Membrane Proteins Achieved through Protonated Protein-Bound Water Molecules: A Proton Diode.
In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition; volume 49, issue 38, pages 6889 - 6893, 10 September 2010
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001243
URL: direct link
-
Florian Garczarek, Klaus Gerwert:
Functional waters in intraprotein proton transfer monitored by FTIR difference spectroscopy.
In: -; 439, 109-112, 05 January 2006
DOI: 10.1038/nature04231
URL: direct link
-
Department of Biophysics at the Ruhr-University
-
Researchers Discover Proton Diode, article, September 2010
-
Source: Ruhr-University Bochum RUB, Germany
 
Related Information:
-
Permalink:
http://www.internetchemistry.com/news/2011/jul11/membrane-proton-transfer.html
-
Publish your Press Release ...
-
More on the topic (background information, research articles, etc.): See top left menu bar!


Chemistry information not found? Try this form:
Custom Search

Internetchemistry ChemLin © 1996 - 2013 A. J. - last update 07.07.2011